“Achieving ‘open science’ requires more than just the development of technologies that can manage the exponentially increasing number of scientific publications and the huge data sets that we increasingly expect to be shared. ‘Open science’ will also need to assign clear responsibilities to authors, editors, reviewers, and institutions… achieving real ‘open science’ will require fundamental changes in science education, in how we structure and reward research, and ultimately in the creation of a symbiosis in science and in society between ethics and learning, ethics and knowledge, ethics and policy.”